On the origins of Islam and the Qur’ān – 2
RESEARCHERS have come to conclude that there was a purely Jewish-Christian alliance that was very close to the alliance of…
On the origins of Islam and the Qur’ān – 1
ÉDOUARD MARIE GALLEZ, born 1957, is a French Christian theologian, a member of the Order of Saint-Jean, who holds a…
On the Prophet’s biographers
LATER OUTSHADOWING the biography of Ibn Isḥāq was the work of Ibn Hishām (ob. 218 AH), who refined it and…
The Qur’ān conflicts with history
THE HISTORY OF ‘Thamūd’ dates back to the third millennium BC (circa 3000–2500 BC), and they were inhabitants of north-western…
Ramadan between the Manichaeans and the Mandaeans
ACCORDING TO THE official Islamic narrative, fasting in the month of Ramaḍān was imposed during the second year of the…
The Prophet Muhammad in non-Islamic sources
THE AUTHOR QUOTES the Islamic historian Al-Dhahabī’s report of the most prominent features of the year 143 AH, during the…
The Islamic view on the Hebrew Old Testament
IN THE QUR’ĀN, the Hebrew Bible is referred to in two different ways: the ‘Book’ and the ‘Torah’. The Torah…
The Qur’ān according to critical research – 15
MUḤAMMAD REPEATEDLY STATED that ‘the book’ (the Qur’ān) is nothing but a confirmation of the previous books (the Torah and the Bible) to…
The Qur’ān according to critical research – 14
CHRISTIANITY, FOR EXAMPLE, is an extension of Judaism and the Old Testament (Jewish ‘Torah’) remains for Christians part of their…
The Qur’ān according to critical research – 13
CONFIRMING WHAT AL-KINDĪ said concerning the burning of the six recensions of the Qur’ān during the reign of ‘Abd al-Malik…