Ramadan between the Manichaeans and the Mandaeans
ACCORDING TO THE official Islamic narrative, fasting in the month of Ramaḍān was imposed during the second year of the…
The Prophet Muhammad in non-Islamic sources
THE AUTHOR QUOTES the Islamic historian Al-Dhahabī’s report of the most prominent features of the year 143 AH, during the…
Mu‘tazila rationalism between past failure and present need
AMONG THE MOST FAMOUS Mu‘tazilites were Wāṣil ibn ‘Aṭā’, ‘Amr ibn ‘Ubayd, Ibrāhīm al-Naẓẓām, Hishām ibn ‘Amr al-Fūṭī, Al-Zamakhsharī the…