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<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\n

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\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Silvestre de Sacy  1838-1758, Edward William Lane 1801-1876, Reinhart Dozy 1820-1883, Michael Jan de Goeje 1836-1909, Heinrich Fleischer 1801-1888, Krachkovsky 1883-1951, Gustav Fluegel 1802-1879.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> Theodor Noeldeke  1930-1836: Geschichte des Korans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Moritz  Steinschneider 1816-1907, Carl Brockelmann 1868-1956, Georg Graf 1875-1955, F\u00fcat Sezgin   – 1924<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> Alfred Von Kremer 1828-1889 , Julius Wellhausen 1844-1918,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Dozy: History of Muslim Spain.1861<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Ignaz Goldziher 1850-1921, Hellmut Ritter 1892-1971, Louis Massignon 1883-1962.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Joseph Schacht 1902-1972: An Introduction to Islamic Law.1982<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Wael Hallaq : An Introduction to Islamic Law, Cambridge University Press.2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[9]<\/a>Hamilton Gibb 1895-1971, Gustav Von Grunebaum 1909-1972, Arendt Jan Wensink 1882-1939: Encyclopaedia of Islam. Concordance et indices de la tradition musulmane.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Montgomery Watt 1909-2006, Regis Blach\u00e8re 1900-1973, Henri Corbin 1903-1978, Henri Laoust 1905-1983, Jacques Berque 1910-1995, Claude Cahen 1909-1991, Roger Arnaldez 1911-2006, George Makdisi 1920-2002, Maxime Rodinson 1915-2004, Bernard Lewis 1916-\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> John Wansbrough 1928-2002, Joseph Van Ess 1934-\u2026, Michael Cook 1940 – \u2026, Patricia Crone 1945 -\u2026, Angelika Neuwirth 1943-\u2026, Jacqueline Chabbi 1943-\u2026, Claude Gilliot 1940-\u2026, Gerd Rudi-Puin 1940-\u2026, Tilman Nagel 1942-\u2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> Jane Dammen McAuliffe : Encyclopaedia of the Quran. Brill. Leiden, 2001-2006. 5 volumes plus index.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi : Dictionnaire du Coran. Robert Laffont. Paris, 2007.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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