{"id":782,"date":"2022-04-05T12:08:38","date_gmt":"2022-04-05T11:08:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/?p=782"},"modified":"2022-04-05T19:03:43","modified_gmt":"2022-04-05T18:03:43","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%83%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%83%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/2022\/04\/05\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%83%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%83%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<p class=\"has-background has-medium-font-size\" style=\"background-color:#f3f3f3\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. <span style=\"color:#5b5f62\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"> \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/author\/sanduk\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/author\/sanduk\/\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-background has-vivid-red-background-color has-vivid-red-color is-style-default\" \/>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"720\" height=\"734\" src=\"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/04\/MaarriHeadless-e1646995928308.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-807\" srcset=\"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/04\/MaarriHeadless-e1646995928308.jpg 720w, https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/04\/MaarriHeadless-e1646995928308-294x300.jpg 294w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:31px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap has-medium-font-size\"><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062f<\/span> (1856-1939) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a. \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0649 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. <a href=\"#_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0645 1864 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a (<em>Anna Maria Mozzoni<\/em> ) (1837-1920) \u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629. <a href=\"#_ftn2\">[2]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0647. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u064a.&nbsp; \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062f\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627.&nbsp; \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><li>\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0630\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0648 \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062f\u0644\u062c ,\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0646 , \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a. \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631.<\/li><li>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u062c.<\/li><li>\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629).<\/li><li>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u0627. &nbsp;<\/li><li>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0628\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/li><li>\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0639.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629. \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a. \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b.&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0643\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignfull has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile has-background\" style=\"background-color:#cbcbc3;grid-template-columns:auto 26%\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"400\" height=\"261\" src=\"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/02\/Ottomanfall.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-670 size-medium\" srcset=\"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/02\/Ottomanfall.jpg 400w, https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/02\/Ottomanfall-300x196.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"has-text-color has-normal-font-size\" style=\"color:#000000\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639  \u0642\u062f  \u062a\u0647\u0645\u0643<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-normal-font-size\" style=\"line-height:1.1\"><strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/2022\/04\/05\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%ba%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%83%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b6\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/2022\/04\/05\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%ba%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%83%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b6\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a -1<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a -\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a<a href=\"#_ftn3\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp; \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u064a 2009 \u0648 2012 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 <a href=\"#_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0648 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0631\u0627\u064a\u0644\u064a&nbsp; (Reilly R) \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a (Intellectual Suicide) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 <a href=\"#_ftn5\">[5]<\/a>. &nbsp;\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a (Eric Chaney) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646<a href=\"#_ftn6\">[6]<\/a>. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u064f\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0628\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a\u0647.&nbsp; \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 -\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a) \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a. \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064f\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">&nbsp;\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u064a (973-1057 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0634\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0634\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0627&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u062a\u064f \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0638\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0625\u0646\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0627 ! \u0643\u064e\u0645 \u064a\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0639\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0636\u0652\u0644 \u0646\u064e\u0627\u0642\u0640\u0635&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0648\u064f\u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0651\u0641\u0627 ! \u0643\u064e\u0645 \u064a\u064e\u0638\u0652\u0647\u0640\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0642\u0640\u0635 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a. \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647. \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f. \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a<a href=\"#_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0647 \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0630\u0648\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:58px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> E. M. Jones, <em>Degenerate Moderns: Modernity as Rationalized Sexual Misbehavior,<\/em> Ignatius Press, 1993, p.230.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a> K. Mitchell, <em>Italian Women Writers: Gender and Everyday Life in Fiction and Journalism<\/em>, 1870-1910, University of Toronto Press, 2014.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a> Sanduk, M. ,<em>The Influence of Freedom on Growth of Science in Arabic-Islamic and Western Civilizations<\/em>, 2009, <a href=\"http:\/\/philsci-archive.pitt.edu\/4766\/\">http:\/\/philsci-archive.pitt.edu\/4766\/<\/a> and Sanduk M, <em>Growth of science under the influence in Arabic-Islamic and Western Civilisations<\/em>, 700-1900 (Statistical Models), Pittsburgh University, Philosophy of Science Archive, 2012 <a href=\"http:\/\/philsci-archive.pitt.edu\/9012\">http:\/\/philsci-archive.pitt.edu\/9012<\/a> .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a> M. I. Sanduk, <em><u><a href=\"http:\/\/www.almuslih.org\/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=274:intellectual-distortion-and-societal-suicide&amp;catid=56:islam-and-rationality&amp;Itemid=245\">Intellectual distortion and societal suicide<\/a><\/u><\/em>, Almuslih.org.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a> Reilly R, <em>The Closing of the Muslim Mind: How Intellectual Suicide Created the Modern Islamist Crisis<\/em>, Intercollegiate Studies Institute; 1st Edition (April 4, 2011).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a> Chaney E., <em>Religion and the Rise and Fall of Islamic Science<\/em>, December 2015,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <a href=\"http:\/\/scholar.harvard.edu\/files\/chaney\/files\/science_12_10_2015.pdf?m=1452366555\">http:\/\/scholar.harvard.edu\/files\/chaney\/files\/science_12_10_2015.pdf?m=1452366555<\/a> .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a> M. Sanduk, <em><u><a href=\"http:\/\/www.almuslih.org\/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=249:contemporary-islamic-thought-and-chronological-alienation&amp;catid=56:islam-and-rationality&amp;Itemid=245\">Contemporary Islamic thought and chronological alienation<\/a><\/u><\/em>, Almuslih.org.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/02\/Astrolabe-logo.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-499\" width=\"87\" height=\"76\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:25%\">\n<div style=\"height:298px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:97px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"720\" height=\"734\" src=\"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/04\/MaarriHeadless-e1646995928308.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-807\" srcset=\"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/04\/MaarriHeadless-e1646995928308.jpg 720w, https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/04\/MaarriHeadless-e1646995928308-294x300.jpg 294w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><figcaption><sub>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u064a: \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0629 2013<\/sub><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:210px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:500px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062f (1856-1939) [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":807,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3],"tags":[25],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/782"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=782"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/782\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":878,"href":"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/782\/revisions\/878"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/807"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=782"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=782"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=782"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}