{"id":3641,"date":"2025-10-27T20:19:57","date_gmt":"2025-10-27T20:19:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/?p=3641"},"modified":"2025-10-27T20:52:03","modified_gmt":"2025-10-27T20:52:03","slug":"%d9%87%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%86%d8%ad%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/2025\/10\/27\/%d9%87%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%86%d8%ad%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-background 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class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"659\" height=\"667\" src=\"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/11\/Fez-donkey.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2651\" srcset=\"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/11\/Fez-donkey.jpg 659w, https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/11\/Fez-donkey-296x300.jpg 296w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 659px) 100vw, 659px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap has-medium-font-size\"><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/span> \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b 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\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629\u060c 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\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u0641\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a. \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignfull has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile has-background\" style=\"background-color:#cbcbc3;grid-template-columns:auto 35%\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/11\/Fez-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2650 size-thumbnail\" srcset=\"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/11\/Fez-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/11\/Fez-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/11\/Fez-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/11\/Fez.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639  \u0642\u062f  \u062a\u0647\u0645\u0643<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-normal-font-size\" style=\"line-height:1.1\"><strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/blog\/2022\/11\/09\/the-absence-of-the-city-individuality-and-citizenship-in-arab-islamic-culture\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/blog\/2022\/11\/09\/the-absence-of-the-city-individuality-and-citizenship-in-arab-islamic-culture\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Absence of the City, Individuality and Citizenship in Arab-Islamic Culture<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 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\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"465\" src=\"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/10\/Fig2-1024x465.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3636\" srcset=\"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/10\/Fig2-1024x465.png 1024w, https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/10\/Fig2-300x136.png 300w, https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/10\/Fig2-768x348.png 768w, https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/10\/Fig2.png 1274w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0662: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 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[5]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (1760) \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u062c\u0632\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0640\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0636 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646. \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0648 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0627. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0644 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\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 1 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"926\" height=\"334\" src=\"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/10\/Fig3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3637\" srcset=\"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/10\/Fig3.png 926w, https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/10\/Fig3-300x108.png 300w, https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/10\/Fig3-768x277.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 926px) 100vw, 926px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0663: \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 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\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2010 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641.&nbsp; \u0648 \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645&nbsp; &nbsp;2010\u0648 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 4 .&nbsp; \u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 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srcset=\"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/10\/Fig4.png 1000w, https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/10\/Fig4-300x176.png 300w, https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/10\/Fig4-768x452.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0664: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631) [6].<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0644 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\u0661: \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 (\u0661) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0662)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641. \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 &#8230; \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 5 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0649 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class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"908\" height=\"430\" src=\"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/10\/Fig5.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3639\" srcset=\"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/10\/Fig5.png 908w, https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/10\/Fig5-300x142.png 300w, https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/10\/Fig5-768x364.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 908px) 100vw, 908px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0665: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 [7]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 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\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 [10] .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 [10].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 [10].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 (\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 [11].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0649: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 [12]. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629) \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 [10].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634 [10].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0632\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 [10].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0632\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a [11].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 [11].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646. [13]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol type=\"1\" class=\"has-small-font-size\"><li>V. Gordon Childe,<em>What Happened in History<\/em> , Aakar Books, ISBN-10: 9350023695, 1 Jun. 2016.<\/li><li>V. Gordon Childe,<em>Man Makes Himself<\/em> , Signet , ISBN-10: \u200e0451615085, 1 Sept. 1951.<\/li><li>Max Weber, <em>The City, <\/em>&nbsp;The Free Press , ISBN-10: \u200e0029342104, 1 Jan. 1966.<\/li><li>Louis Wirth, <em>Urbanism as a Way of Life<\/em> (1938). American  Journal of Sociology, <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2768119\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2768119\" target=\"_blank\">Vol. 44. No.1 (July 1938)<\/a>, pp.1-24 (24 pages), The University of Chicago Press.<\/li><li>Romola<em> <\/em>Davenport<em> , <\/em><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.campop.geog.cam.ac.uk\/blog\/2024\/10\/31\/urban-society\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.campop.geog.cam.ac.uk\/blog\/2024\/10\/31\/urban-society\/\" target=\"_blank\">The first urban society<\/a>,<\/li><li>United Nations The (UN) (2010). Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision and World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision. http:\/\/esa.un.org\/unup, Accessed on 11<sup>th<\/sup> March 2010.<\/li><li><span style=\"color: initial;, sans-serif\">Central Statistical organization; Statistical Annual Abstract [source: World Bank 2014]. Journal of Sustainable Development; Vol. 16, No. 5; 2023 ISSN 1913-9063 E-ISSN 1913-9071.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: initial;, sans-serif\">Transformations in Popular Attitude, Customs and Beliefs: A Framework for the Development of Poor Rural Settlements in Egypt. Data compiled from World Urbanization Prospects, 2003, http:\/\/esa.un.org\/unup\/index.asp?panel=1<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: initial;, sans-serif\">Hanafi, A. M., How Rapid Urbanization Adds to Woes of the Mideast, Arab News, 14 May 2006, <\/span><a style=\", sans-serif\" href=\"https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/284684?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/284684?utm_source=chatgpt.com<\/a><\/li><li><span style=\"color: initial;, sans-serif\">Norman, K., Gil, A. M., and Barron, R., The Climate Change-Conflict-Displacement Nexus in the MENA Region, Baker Institute, 21 May 21 2024,&nbsp; <\/span><a style=\", sans-serif\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bakerinstitute.org\/research\/climate-change-conflict-displacement-nexus-mena-region?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">https:\/\/www.bakerinstitute.org\/research\/climate-change-conflict-displacement-nexus-mena-region?utm_source=chatgpt.com<\/a><\/li><li><span style=\"color: initial;, sans-serif\">Al Rakeezeh Organisation, Rural Challenges and Urban Migration in the Iraqi Countryside, 30 October 2023, <\/span><a style=\", sans-serif\" href=\"https:\/\/al-rakeezeh.org\/en\/rural-challenges-and-urban-migration\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">https:\/\/al-rakeezeh.org\/en\/rural-challenges-and-urban-migration\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com<\/a><\/li><li><span style=\"color: initial;, sans-serif\">Abdukadir, A. A. and&nbsp; Osman, A. I., Social and Economics Perspective of Rural-Urban Migration: A Case Study Middle and Lower Shabele Regions in Somalia, International Information and Engineering Technology Association, 29 May 2024 <\/span><a style=\", sans-serif\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18280\/ijsdp.190507\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18280\/ijsdp.190507<\/a><\/li><li><span style=\"color: initial;, sans-serif\">Dorrer, K., Water Scarcity and Armed Conflict Shaping Migration Patterns in the Middle East and North Africa, The Diplomatic Envoy, 14 September 2022. <\/span><a style=\", sans-serif\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/thediplomaticenvoy\/2022\/09\/14\/water-scarcity-and-armed-conflict-shaping-migration-patterns-in-the-middle-east-and-north-africa\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">https:\/\/blogs.shu.edu\/thediplomaticenvoy\/2022\/09\/14\/water-scarcity-and-armed-conflict-shaping-migration-patterns-in-the-middle-east-and-north-africa\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:27px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/almuslih.org\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/02\/Astrolabe-logo.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-499\" width=\"87\" height=\"76\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex-basis:25%\">\n<div style=\"height:298px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:500px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:500px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 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